What is the Future of Video technology?

As some of you may know, big manufacturers like Samsung and Sony have been producing UltraHD or 4K TV’s for some time, but what does it actually mean? 4K is a new higher resolution imaging technology, it’s called 4K because it provides a resolution of 4096 x 2160. This is 4 times the resolution of traditional 1080p (1920 x 1080). This means that you can get 4 times the detail on your screen. Some manufacturers have been calling this technology UltraHD or UHD. UltraHD is actually a slightly different resolution which works at 3840 x 2160, sometimes it is also known as 2160p. So now we have the tech jargon out of the way let us continue! Think of 4K or UltraHD like we did when Full HD or 1080p was launched, it is a much high quality video format that will allow much great detail.

How does 4K/UHD Compare to Full HD 1080p & standard definition?

4K/UHD is often called 8 MegaPixel or 8MP as this is how may actual pixels are in the image. In the above chart you can easily see that there is a much larger area for the 4K image. 1080p or Full HD is only 2 MegaPixel, this gives you a lot less detail when compared side by side. You can also see that old school standard definition is a tiny image size. The quality of 4K really is that much higher.

What does it mean for CCTV?

CCTV manufacturers have only recently started marketing 4K. This has mainly been down to storage constraints. 4K footage uses a lot of hard drive capacity, this made systems very expensive when you factored in needing more than 8 terabytes of hard drive capacity for even 2 cameras. New technologies have emerged that have compressed the footage to a much more sensible level, now manufacturers are able to offer 4K recording solutions for 4 and even 8 cameras without needing huge storage. With the advent of 4K CCTV we will now see a big shift in how cameras could be positioned, with higher resolution you may not need 4 cameras to cover the front of your building, for example. UHD will also open up much greater ANPR (Automatic Number Plate recognition) facial detection and even remote zoom options.Buy Now

Why would I want a 4K CCTV System?

If you already own a shiny new 4K UltraHD TV or monitor then you already have all the technology you would need to benefit from the higher image quality. So from a perspective of pure quality then 4K CCTV will be excellent. However, this would not be the main reason for making the jump to 4K in our opinion. We think that the main benefit of 4K is lowering the total number of cameras you would need. Let’s take a look at a basic home camera setup, usually you would put 1 camera on each corner of the house. With a 4K system you might only put 1 camera on the front and one camera on the rear.

You can find our full range of 4K CCTV cameras here, along with compatible recorders

The retail sector has felt the disruptive impact of e-commerce more than most. The inevitable costs of staffing, rent, maintenance and daily operations has left traditional brick-and-mortar stores struggling to stay dynamic and compete effectively with their more agile online counterparts.

Not only that, but the one competitive advantage of physical retail outlets – being able to provide a more personal customer experience – has also taken a hit in recent years, thanks to a lack of in-store and operational efficiency. Customers find it hard to locate the products they’re shopping for, are faced with longer queues for payment, and the most valuable ‘VIP’ customers are often overlooked. At a time when retailers should be striving to excel, this is bad news, as a 2018 study from KPMG [1]  reinforces:

“The customer experience is more important than ever as retailers are striving to differentiate themselves in a challenging and crowded market. Consequently, experience per square foot will be the new retail metric to measure success.”

The question, therefore, is how can stores optimise operations and improve the customer experience at this critical time?

Technology: at the heart of a better customer experience
One challenge that retailers often face is not having a way to collect accurate data and visualise it intelligently in order to make smarter business decisions about the shop floor. For many, reorganising store layout and installing additional equipment is not a realistic option – either because there is not the available space, or because of budgetary constraints.

In these circumstances, an effective solution could be artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning. Together, these cutting-edge technologies create a video surveillance offering that can give retailers valuable insight into real-time operating conditions, to boost customer service and in-store competitive advantage.

Intelligent video technologies can be applied to retail in a multitude of ways. This includes:
•    People-counting, to track customer flow and numbers
•    VIP recognition, so retailers can tailor service to key individuals
•    Heat mapping, to reveal the popularity of specific goods in the store
•    Queue detection, to monitor the queuing situation in real-time
•    Point of Sale (POS) integration, to retrieve precisely when dispute occurs

Below, we explore each of these technologies in more detail.

People counting 
Understanding the flow of customers is the key to optimising a store’s sales performance. And by using an accurate people-counting camera, stores can understand daily/weekly/monthly peak times, so that store managers can arrange staffing accordingly. What’s more, by layering this data over days, weeks and months, retailers can start to see customer flow trends. The data can be benchmarked against the store’s sales figures and its overheads, to inform future operational strategy, and help managers to optimise store profitability.

Furthermore, people counting can also help retail managers gain insights into the customer experience. One example would be to evaluate the conversion rate, which depends on the actual number of purchases divided by the number of people entering the store. Retailers can calculate this rate easily using people counting technology. Even better, people counting can also help stores determine the results of their marketing activities. Each marketing campaign can be quantified by people counting to measure return on investment. This is just one of several technologies that provide insight into consumer behaviour and optimal marketing practices.

VIP recognition
Loyal high-end or VIP customers are enormously valuable to retailers, but service staff cannot always identify them immediately. This means that business operators miss valuable opportunities to extend a special service.

Intelligent facial recognition cameras, however, can provide unique opportunities that were previously unavailable. When customers opt to participate in VIP marketing promotions or other incentives, facial recognition technology will give retailers accurate tools to identify VIPs so staff can provide the right kind of service at the right time. There would be no more need for customers to show membership cards to receive special offers, for example. The whole shopping experience becomes more convenient and efficient.

Heat mapping
Retailers usually want to know which products customers are most interested in, and which promotional products can attract customers to stop. With heat-mapping technology, retailers can see a colour-coded map of how much time shoppers spend in specific store areas. This can reveal hot spots and dead zones, as well as how many people actually shop for a specific product, versus those who just decide to pick it up as they casually walk by.

By layering this data over time, retailers can get insight into how to best place items in store, and how best to design the overall store layout.

One of the most useful heat-mapping tools available to the retail market is the fisheye camera. A single, compact camera can capture a panoramic high-definition image over an impressively wide area, while its heat-mapping function provides the colour-coded map. Because fewer cameras are needed than with most heat-mapping solutions, installation is cost-effective, making this the ideal solution for a location such as an independent shopping mall.

Queue detection
Waiting time can have a devastating effect on the in-store customer experience. If a customer sees a long queue in a store, they may stop shopping and go elsewhere. Worse still, if there is always a long queue every time they visit the store, they may avoid that store completely in future.

Queue detection solutions can help retailers manage their checkout lines, and the queue detection cameras are designed to monitor queues in real-time. The cameras count the number of people in each queue, and if there are too many people in each checkout line and customers still continue to flock to the checkout area it triggers an alarm to store management, who can open a new checkout.

Point of Sale integration
Transaction records and surveillance videos can provide valuable information to reduce disputes at checkout. In the past, these are two completely independent data systems. In order to find the right video footage, the surveillance video must be retrieved manually. Therefore, collecting evidence around a transaction normally can take several hours, which is costly for the business.

Point of Sale (POS) integration, also known as POS Text Overlay, is uploading of transaction data to the video management system through the POS and encoding it with the video stream. This combination of retail transaction data with surveillance videos makes it easy to identify certain transactions to be reviewed for customer complaints, mainly used for post-retrieval when a transaction disputes occurs.

Case Study: Smart retail solution gives Dutch shopping centres a business edge
People-counting is very important to shopping centres. Retailers always want to know what footfall they are likely to expect, and larger chains use this information to decide whether or not to move in to the shopping centre at all.

At the Schalwijk Shopping Centre in Haarlem, the Netherlands, centre management was counting footfall by using the number of connections to the centre’s Wi-Fi. But this was delivering inaccurate and limited data. People were still using the centre Wi-Fi from outside the mall, while many shoppers inside the mall were not using it at all.

To address this, the shopping centre decided to work with Hikvision, the world’s leading supplier of innovative video surveillance products and solutions. The centre management team installed Hikvision Dual-lens DeepinView People Counting cameras (iDS-2CD6820F/C) at all the entrances to the shopping centre. The cameras feature deep learning technology, binocular stereo vision, 3D people detection and height filtering – all contributing to their amazing 97% accuracy rate.

As a result, the Schalwijk Shopping Centre now has highly accurate visitor numbers and flow information, which can maximise both customer experience and layout effectiveness.

Click here to read the full case study.

Intelligent video: transforming the in-store shopping experience
The intelligent, self-learning video solutions outlined above are designed to empower retailers with much of the insight they need to bring brick-and-mortar stores right up to date. Those that are willing to adopt these solutions will very rapidly see their value, and be able to reap the rewards of increased competitive edge.

Through accurate people-counting, quick identification of VIPs, optimal layout of goods and reduced waiting times, retailers can transform the shopping experience and enhance their sales strategy very quickly indeed. And thanks to the valuable customer insight that is generated on an ongoing basis, they will have the tools to create an in-store shopping experience that should only get better and better.

Hikvision, the world’s leading supplier of innovative video surveillance products and solutions, has released HikCentral, its latest Video Surveillance Management System (VMS). It provides a raft of robust and scalable video surveillance solutions for all types of application scenarios and is easy to use for seamless management of multiple devices.

HikCentral gives users a number of operation functions, including live view and playback management, smart video search and alarm management. With two options to choose from – a server-based solution and a software solution – HikCentral can be adapted to fit any need or infrastructure.

To give users the maximum flexibility to connect to their surveillance data, HikCentral can be used by three clients. A control client is most comprehensive, making it ideal for daily operation; a web client is designed to give access through other devices; and a mobile client delivers live remote access anywhere. This means that users can always stay updated.

Ease and efficiency – features like pre-loaded software and pre-activated license means that the system can be set up very quickly. In fact, the lightweight installation package reduces the install time to minutes. After that, one-step configuration automatically detects devices, synchronises camera names and recording schedules from devices.

Unified platform – HikCentral is a unified platform that blends video surveillance, ALPR, POS and 3rd party system integration within one solution.

High scalability and availability – The system is designed with a high level of scalability with the ability scale up to a centralised management – in HQ for example – and to scale down to regions or branches. This is made possible using RSM servers. With both single-spot and multi-spot storage backup, using RAID and Hybrid SAN, the system has a large amount of contingency. It is also integrated with technology from high availability solution provider, Rose Replicator Plus, to give the solution a high level of reliability. These work to give users peace of mind in times of crisis.

Replacing Hikvision’s iVMS 5200, HikCentral will be a great management tool for all kinds of applications in multiple industries, supporting a large range of channels. Examples range from a group of Catholic Schools in Edmonton, Canada, with 850 surveillance channels to a US-based bank upgrading its 450-camera security network across all its branches.

The modern retail market has to be incredibly competitive to be able to survive in the age of online shopping and mega-supermarkets. An important part of this survival is gathering reliable customer information, so retailers can keep ahead of the trends and make business decisions to stay relevant and pull people into their ‘bricks and mortar’ stores. Centrum Schalkwijk a Shopping Mall in Haarlem, the Netherlands, is using Hikvision cameras, to help with that. The cameras, installed by Cocon Security – based in Breda in the Netherlands, are delivering accurate people-counting statistics to provide crucial information for their business strategy and management.

The Challenge

Traditional methods of counting people going in and out of the mall were not effective for the shopping centre. They involved counting the numbers of people connecting to the centre’s Wi-Fi. Since people can walk around the mall without entering, and may not have switched their Wi-Fi on, this was not very accurate. These methods are also limited in the information they can provide.

“People counting is very important to shopping centres because the retailers always want to know what ‘footfall’ they are likely to expect,”. “This information helps the larger chains, for example, to make a decision on whether or not to invest in the centre and move in.”
Individual shop managers can see when they are likely to need more employees to cope with the busy times, helping to create shift rotation, for example.
The real estate owners can also use the information to calculate optimum rental prices for the retail spaces in the centre.

The Solution

Cocon Security installed eight Hikvision Dual-lens DeepinView People Counting cameras (iDS-2CD6820F/C) around all of the entrances to the shopping centre. The cameras, armed with Deep Learning technology, are also equipped with binocular stereo vision, 3D people detection and tracking capabilities, and height filtering – all contributing to their amazing 97% accuracy rate.

These cameras were picked for their accuracy, which had to be higher than 95%, and their Deep Learning capability.

Deep Learning technology gives the camera a lot more ‘intelligence’ to filter out ‘false alarms’, or inaccurate data. For example, it can distinguish between different people, even if they enter in a group close together. There’s also the ability to track individuals and filter for ‘loitering’, which helps with the overall data analysis.

Of course, every solution will have its differences. That’s why the cameras were adjusted to meet the needs of Centrum Schalwijk and tailored to the environment. For example, tweaks were made to the cameras to discount prams and trolleys from the count.

Bringing the whole solution together in Centrum Schalwijk’s Security Centre is a Hikvision Blazer Express (v1.3), an easy-to-use and highly efficient intelligent video management software (iVMS) station, designed specifically to meet the needs of small- to medium-sized retail surveillance applications.

The data from the cameras can be analysed, displayed and reported on, with a function to export to the centre’s own software platform. There, the data can be displayed and reformatted into spreadsheet reports, for example. The system can integrate 16 cameras in total and simultaneously bring data from all of them to analyse. In fact, this is the only suitable solution that can bring so many cameras together and is designed to make access to data and analysis a lot easier.

Reports from the system can be configured for: Number of people entering/exiting, number of people entering OR exiting and data from a single camera or multiple cameras. There is also an auto-sending function which automatically sends reports to designated recipients, streamlining the process and getting accurate information to the people who need it quickly.

Centrum Schalkwijk: We are amazed with the accuracy of the new solution – it is leaps and bounds above our previous people-counting methods. This will be incredibly useful to provide centre management with footfall information that they can use to make business decisions in the future.

Do SMB customers want the latest intelligent surveillance features without a full system upgrade? With Hikvision, they can enjoy the benefits of cutting-edge false alarm filter with an average of 90% accuracy while protecting their existing investment.

False alarm filter is one of the most intelligent features of modern surveillance systems. Designed to filter out movements from things like rain, leaves and animals, these systems focus on movements by relevant objects like people or vehicles. This prevents time and costs being wasted on non-threatening events.

Saving time and cost is important for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (SMBs), the question is, how can they access such innovative technology in the most cost-effective way possible?

Tech-savvy surveillance…
Hikvision’s EasyIP 4.0 security solution features intelligent false alarm filter within its Hikvision AcuSense NVR and IP camera ranges. Currently, a Hikvision AcuSense NVR supports up to four camera channels with false alarm filter.

Hikvision AcuSense-enabled devices can filter out false alarms with an average of 90% accuracy. What’s more, the Hikvision AcuSense Quick Target Search feature saves time by identifying footage of people and vehicles automatically, avoiding staff having to search through footage manually. Add in Hikvision’s ColorVu IP cameras, which provide full color, vivid images even at night, allows customers to take advantage of false alarm filter around the clock.

…that’s easily accessible
For SMBs looking to access these features in the most efficient way, Hikvision’s cameras and/or NVRs can be added to their existing surveillance system, to provide reliable false alarm filter capabilities while protecting their investment.

Below, we describe four different ways Hikvision false alarm filter can be added to SMB customers’ surveillance systems.

If SMB customers do not want to replace their existing IP cameras, they can keep them, and add a Hikvision AcuSense NVR. This will support false alarm filter and Quick Target Search across four channels.

It is possible to add extra channels, but these will only have traditional alarm detection features. This solution is best suited for users who only need false alarm filter in four camera locations.

Conversely, if customers would prefer to keep their existing NVR, Hikvision AcuSense IP cameras can be added to the solution.

It’s worth pointing out that this is most suitable for customers that need false alarms to be filtered out in real time. A conventional NVR will not record or display the false alarms, as the functionality resides in the cameras. Similarly, users cannot search the alarm information delivered by the cameras as the NVR does not support Quick Target Search.

ColorVu cameras deliver bright color video images, even in low light and at night. When paired with a Hikvision AcuSense NVR, SMB customers get a system that delivers highly effective false alarm filter, plus Quick Target Search capability, around the clock.

The only limitation of this setup is that it is designed to deliver the above features to a maximum of four channels. It is possible to add more channels, but these will only display normal alarm information, and will not support Quick Target Search.

This solution is best suited for customers needing reliable false alarm filter under low light conditions and across four locations.

When customers need false alarm filter for more than four camera locations, a cost-effective solution can be delivered by combining conventional IP cameras with Hikvision AcuSense IP cameras and a Hikvision AcuSense NVR.

Because both the Hikvision AcuSense NVR and Hikvision AcuSense IP cameras support false alarm filter, the functionality starts to overlap when only four Hikvision AcuSense IP cameras connect to a Hikvision AcuSense NVR. It is recommended to apply both products when customers need the function for more than four channels. To be specific, customers can connect up to four conventional IP cameras to a Hikvision AcuSense NVR for false alarm filter, and then using Hikvision AcuSense IP cameras for the remaining channels. In this way, both false alarm filter and Quick Target Search will be available across all channels.

WHEN I pull the Darkfighter X out of its crate and install it on a heavy-duty dome camera pendant tripod, my first impressions are its size and heft – this is a robust PTZ camera designed for serious work in external environments.

Features of Darkfighter X include ½.8-inch dual optical and IR CMOS sensors, integrated 200m IR array, 25x varifocal zoom lens with F1.5 4.8-120mm range with autofocus, -20 degrees to 90 degrees of tilt (Auto Flip), 120dB wide dynamic range, 1080p resolution, IP66 rating, optical de-fog, smart detection functions; and H.265+, H.265, H.264+, H.264 and MJPEG compression options. Minimum scene illumination is 0.001lux at F1.5 in colour and 0.0001 lux at F1.5 in monochrome.

Bear in mind that this camera is designed to shine brightest in the lowest light and I’m undertaking my first test drive in daylight with considerable backlight – the idea is to get a sense of the optical quality of the camera and to assess the performance of the camera engine in daylight conditions – later on tonight I’m going to take a look at night performance and add my findings here.

Just abaft of full zoom here. Very low noise, low blur and true colourisation – note the brown paper bag blowing mid-air.

My first impressions of the camera in largely default settings (I’ve activated WDR) are relatively low contrast with natural colour tones, excellent sharpness, superb optical quality – there’s limited barrel distortions, no chromatic aberrations, almost no flare or ghosting. This camera delivers an excellent chase of the zoom function by the autofocus – a vital quality for operators working in real time. The angle of view of Darkfighter X is relatively long at the wide end and the reach at the long end is up with the very best.

Rendering a scene like this in 80,000 lux is not easy for a CCTV camera – some flower detail is lost as the camera engine exposes for the shaded parts of the scene but on the whole a very balanced image indeed.

There’s virtually no noise, there’s almost no discernible digital rebuild artefacts – this is a superior camera engine to anything I’ve seen before from Hikvision – we’ve not conducted a full review of a Hikvision camera for more than a year but the improvement in quality is marked. Latency is very low and in good light there’s no evidence of stepping or motion blur.

This image highlights the optical excellence of Darkfighter X at 20x zoom – there are no CAs along that foreground powerline. Colour tones are very natural and there’s none of the exaggerated saturation you sometimes see. Look at the subtle colour variations in the chimney pots – that’s almost exactly how they look to the naked eye.

When it comes to low light performance, Darkfighter X fires up its dedicated IR sensor, as well as the Smart IR functionality to manage the array based on depth of field. How good is it? Well, low light performance in colour at the long end is already very strong. The Smart IR function combined with the new dual sensor design is something else again. Images tell the story best. The chimney pots are around 40m from the lens – light at the lens is sub-1 lux. IR performance is best described as punchy.

Hikvision, the world’s leading supplier of innovative video surveillance products and solutions, has launched a range of groundbreaking face recognition terminals. Hikvision’s face recognition terminals are embedded with deep-learning algorithms for access control and office scenarios for improving building operations, workforce management and safety operations.

Three face recognition terminal models are available, each one uniquely and flexibly designed for a wealth of applications and scenarios:
•    Wall-Mounted Face Recognition Terminal – DS-K1T604MF & DS-K1T606MF
•    Base- or Wall-Mounted Face Recognition Terminal – DS-K1T605MF
•    Face Recognition Component for Access Turnstile – DS-K5603-Z

All three of these models are easy to install and use. The wall-mounted terminal is well-suited for quick access at an entrance. The base & wall-mounted terminal can be mounted on convenient vertical surfaces or on the front desk. The face recognition component is designed for use in conjunction with access turnstiles. If needed, this model can be rotated horizontally upon installation for capturing facial images at the most effective angle.

Various models and types are available with a wide variety of front-end or back-end combinations to meet a multitude of scenarios and environments. Hikvision’s face recognition terminals support 1:1 or 1:N matching modes, authentication via Mifare cards, and TCP/IP or RS-485 connectivity.

Accurate and Fast Face Recognition
Hikvision has embedded Deep-Learning algorithms into its face recognition terminals, providing fewer transmission delays and a reduced load on backend components. As a result, the terminals have a high success rate – the face-capture rate can hit 99% accuracy at less than 0.5 seconds.

During rush hours, access turnstiles equipped with Hikvision’s face recognition terminals can respond in less than a half-second, passing up to 40 persons per minute.

DS-K5603-Z with access turnstile

Hikvision’s face recognition terminals apply to a wide variety of scenarios and environments and can be highly personalized. Multiple authentication modes are available: face images, swiping ID card and comparing images, custom modes, and more. Applications range from commercial real estate, government agencies, small to very large businesses or factories, just to name a few.

The retail industry has been struggling to stay relevant in the new age of internet shopping. This has affected a lot of high street stores, with more chains going under every year. Those that survive are learning to keep up with the trends, including small stores, who are more vulnerable than most. One of the biggest challenges for these stores is making end meet within tight budgets.

At the same time as rising internet shopping is the rise of ‘shrinkage’ caused mostly by shoplifting and employee theft. In 2014/2015, global shrinkage was 1.23% of total retail sales globally – that’s equivalent to €252 per household. In this challenging environment, small stores are struggling in communities across Europe.

Owners of small stores have certain constraints to their operations, needing to keep costs to a minimum. Security systems, though, can be instrumental in reducing shrinkage and good quality monitoring can now be achieved using lower cost surveillance equipment. Hikvision has brought many of its recent innovations in security to more models.

Products like the mini PanoVu give affordable and flexible coverage of a wide area. Using this, owners can see a lot of a store with just one camera.  Low light cameras mean that activity can be monitored even when the light is very poor, such as in dark corner of the store, or in back alleys at night. Technologies like Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) and Hikvision’s LightFighter model allow them to monitor poorly lit or over-lit areas. They can clearly make out people silhouetted on a bright background (for example, when they come in the door from a bright exterior).

Simplicity is also a factor for these customers, since they will not have the time to worry about any complicated installation or set up. Where many businesses would turn to an installer for this, small store owners may not have the budget. Hikvision products are designed to be intuitive to operate and easy to install to serve this market. The ‘plug and play’ nature of the cameras and the flexibility of the solutions – including Network Video Recorders and monitors, for example – deliver easy solutions.

HDMI outputs and VMS software means that the owner can easily monitor and record camera feeds. This gives peace of mind and would also be useful as evidence if a shoplifting case needed to come to court, for example. They would also be able to use the software to view the footage on their mobile phone – handy if they are off the premises or in the stock room, for example.

Other features include smart functions that will provide an alert if someone crosses a predetermined line, or even moves in a certain area. These can help a busy owner focus only where there is a potential issue, rather than constantly monitoring. Since small stores do not have security guards to keep an eye on the monitor at all times, these features, as well as recording functionality, become important tools in the fight against crime.

Of course, solutions can be extremely flexible, offering more, or less – depending on the needs of the individual store owner. From multiple camera options and recorders to monitors, access control devices and technology to read license plates, Hikvision can deliver a smart security solution.

Small stores have specific needs to keep their premises, their goods and their employees safe. Peace of mind is also important in this market, since often they have everything invested in the business and it’s a personal risk. But using the right simple solution, Hikvision can help create secure, shrink-free stores on a tight budget. And hopefully these measures will help more small stores to survive, so they don’t disappear forever.

A prime example is with multi-address; as before, due to single network interface, previous DVR/NVRs were only able to be connected to one single network. More specifically, two separate clients (or customers) in two dedicated networks (LAN/WAN) were not able access the same DVR/NVR units at the same time.

But thanks to dual network interfaces – with multi-address, two different IP settings can now be configured to allow network access from two dedicated networks. Hence, two different workgroups, from separate subnets, are able to access the same DVR/NVR and read video recording files or configure data onto the same system.(read more)…

Moreover, if network congestion, network outage, or various other connectivity problems affect one network; video stream data can still be read or written from an additional network throughout another interface.

And, speaking of reliability: dual-gigabit network interface ability not only improves system reliability, but also ensures both seamless video recording with load balancing and network fault tolerance. Additionally, load balancing in respect to the bandwidth is also achieved. As such, optimal resource utilization, maximized transfer speed, minimized response time, and avoidance of overload by distributing workload across two network interfaces; while network fault tolerances allow the DVR/NVRs to sustain any possible failure on only one network port – thus providing continuous service and optimal performance to the user!